China
With 0.1 percent of adults estimated to be HIV-positive, China is a low-HIV prevalence country. However, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS estimates that 700,000 people in the country are HIV-positive. The epidemic in China remains concentrated among at-risk groups, particularly injecting drug users, who alone make up 44 percent of HIV-infected people in all of China. However, while the epidemic was previously driven primarily by transmission during injecting drug use, heterosexual transmission has now become the main mode of HIV transmission and homosexual transmission is increasing rapidly. Infections acquired through heterosexual transmission tripled between 2005 and 2007, a sign that the epidemic is changing and gradually spreading to the general population. HIV cases among women have also doubled during this past decade. Infections have now been reported in all of China’s provinces, with more than 53 percent of cases reported in the five highest-prevalence provinces: Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Xinjiang, and Yunnan. Conversely, fewer than 1 percent of cases occur in the five provinces with the lowest prevalence, including Ningxia, Qinghai, and Tibet.
USAID does not have an office in China and thus channels its HIV/AIDS support for China through the USAID Regional Development Mission for Asia (RDMA). USAID/RDMA supports innovative prevention activities in 15 high-HIV burden provinces, with higher levels of support in Yunnan and Guangxi for the development of replicable local implementation models. The focus of more intense efforts in these provinces is on establishing high-quality “comprehensive prevention package” models. Prevention elements are tailored by local governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations, and “government-operated (or -organized) NGOs” (civil society organizations with close party or government links). In 2009, a comprehensive review of the CPP models was carried out, and programming was modified as a result. Prevention activities are also focused on methadone maintenance and treatment centers and sentinel surveillance sites. most-at-risk populations were specifically targeted through the establishment of nearly 800 condom outlets to increase condom availability.
View the full USAID HIV/AIDS Health Profile for China - September 2010 [PDF,
128KB]
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